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IB ESS HL.c.12 "Appeal to nature" fallacy

IB ESS HL.c.12 "Appeal to nature" fallacy
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise recognising the appeal to nature fallacy when naturalness is wrongly treated as proof of environmental value.

How this is tested

  • identify when a claim treats naturalness alone as evidence that something is good
  • use a counterexample such as disease to challenge the appeal to nature fallacy
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