IB ESS HL.b.9 Ecological economics
IB ESS HL.b.9 Ecological economics

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise applying ecological economics to show how economies depend on the biosphere and the sustainable use of natural capital.
How this is tested
- apply a systems model where the economy is a subsystem of the biosphere
- explain why sustainable natural capital use constrains economic decision-making
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