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IB ESS HL.b.9 Ecological economics

IB ESS HL.b.9 Ecological economics
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise applying ecological economics to show how economies depend on the biosphere and the sustainable use of natural capital.

How this is tested

  • apply a systems model where the economy is a subsystem of the biosphere
  • explain why sustainable natural capital use constrains economic decision-making
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