IB ESS HL.b.3 Market failure
IB ESS HL.b.3 Market failure

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise explaining how free markets can ignore environmental costs, using pollution impacts and externalities to justify intervention.
How this is tested
- explain how factory pollution creates an external cost not paid by the polluter
- link market failure to the need for environmental regulation or valuation
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