IB ESS 4.3.13 (HL) MSY risks

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise explaining why maximum sustainable yield estimates carry uncertainty and how exceeding them can trigger rapid fish-stock decline.

How this is tested

explain why MSY estimates may be inaccurate when setting allowable catch levels
apply feedback reasoning to predict rapid decline after harvest exceeds stock recovery

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