IB ESS 2.1.28 (HL) Fundamental & realized niches
IB ESS 2.1.28 (HL) Fundamental & realized niches

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise distinguishing possible and actual species niches using limiting factors, competition and adaptations in ecological examples.
How this is tested
- distinguish a fundamental niche from a realised niche using limiting factors
- apply competition evidence to distinguish realised from fundamental niches
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