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(g) Acids, bases and salt preparations

Syllabus
2024
Topic
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Level
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2.34 Solubility rules

Know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water:

  • common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
  • all nitrates are soluble
  • common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II)
  • common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)
  • common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
  • common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble).

2.35 Acids and bases as proton transfer

Understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer

2.36 Proton donors and acceptors

Understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor

2.37 Acid reactions

Describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates (excluding the reactions between nitric acid and metals) to form salts

2.38 Bases and alkalis

Know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water

2.39 Preparing soluble salts from insoluble reactants

Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant

2.40C Preparing soluble salts by titration

Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali

2.41C Preparing insoluble salts

Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from two soluble reactants

2.42 Soluble salt practical

Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide

2.43C Prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfate

Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfate

Objective notes

10 learning objectives
240C Preparing soluble salts by titrationDescribe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkaliView241C Preparing insoluble saltsDescribe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from two soluble reactantsView243C Prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfatePractical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfateView
ConceptIGCSE Chemistry