CAIE IGCSE Chemistry Aqueous Anion Tests

Practise identifying carbonate, halide, nitrate, sulfate and sulfite ions by selecting the correct reagents and recording diagnostic observations.

Exam points

test carbonate with acid then limewater and nitrate by warming with aluminium and sodium hydroxide
acidify with nitric acid then add silver nitrate to give chloride white, bromide cream or iodide yellow
test sulfate with acidified barium ions and sulfite with acidified potassium manganate(VII)

[Maximum number: 3]

Concentrated ammonia solution gives off ammonia gas. Concentrated hydrochloric acid gives off hydrogen chloride gas. Ammonia, $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ , and hydrogen chloride, HCl , are both colourless gases. Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to make the white solid ammonium chloride.

Apparatus is set up as shown.

Figure for Question 12.5.1—Anion tests question 1 — CAIE IGCSE Chemistry

After ten minutes a white solid forms in the tube where the gases meet.

Some of the white solid is removed from the tube and dissolved in water.

Describe how the white solid could be tested to show it contains,

chloride ions.
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12.5.1—Anion tests question 1