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6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

Syllabus
0620–2026–2027
Topic
6.3
Level
—

6.3.1—Some chemical reactions are reversible

  • State: some chemical reactions are reversible as shown by the symbol ⇌

6.3.2—Changing the conditions can change the

  • Describe how changing the conditions can change the direction of a reversible reaction for: (a) the effect of heat on hydrated compounds (b) the addition of water to anhydrous compounds limited to copper(II) sulfate and cobalt(II) chloride

6.3.3—Reversible reaction in a closed system

  • State: a reversible reaction in a closed system is at equilibrium when: (a) the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction (b) the concentrations of reactants and products are no longer changing

6.3.4—Predict and explain, for a reversible

  • Predict and explain, for a reversible reaction, how the position of equilibrium is affected by: (a) changing temperature (b) changing pressure (c) changing concentration (d) using a catalyst using information provided

6.3.5—Symbol equation for the production of

  • State the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process, N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

6.3.6—Sources of the hydrogen (methane) and

  • State the sources of the hydrogen (methane) and nitrogen (air) in the Haber process

6.3.7—Typical conditions in the Haber

  • State the typical conditions in the Haber process as 450 °C, 20 000 kPa/200 atm and an iron catalyst

6.3.8—Symbol equation for the conversion of

  • State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process, 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)

6.3.9—Sources of the sulfur dioxide (burning

  • State the sources of the sulfur dioxide (burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores) and oxygen (air) in the Contact process

6.3.10—Typical conditions for the conversion

  • State the typical conditions for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process as 450 °C, 200 kPa/2 atm and a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst

6.3.11—Typical Haber and Contact process

  • Explain why typical Haber and Contact process conditions are used, considering reaction rate, equilibrium position, safety and economics

Objective notes

11 learning objectives
ConceptIGCSE Chemistry