Practise IB Psychology HL 2.3.6 by analysing research methods and evaluating how evidence supports or limits conclusions about biological processes and behaviour.
Explain one effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour with reference to one relevant study.
Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks.
The command term "explain" requires candidates to give a detailed account, including reasons or causes, for how enculturation affects cognition and/or behaviour, with reference to one relevant study.
The focus of the response should be on one effect of enculturation - in other words, how learned cultural norms affect cognition and/or behaviour.
Relevant effects of enculturation may include, but are not limited to:
- Effects on parenting behaviours through the enculturation of gender roles: Fagot et al. (1974);
Barry (1959)
- Effects on memory: Demorest et al (2008) on musical memory;
Martin and Halverson (1983) on reconstructive memory;
Kearins (1981) on memory strategies among indigenous Australians;
Cole and Scribner (1974) on memory strategies and schooling
- Effects on conformity: Berry and Katz (1967)
- Effects on impulsivity: Lamm et al.'s (2017) marshmallow study of self-control in German versus Cameroonian children;
Chen et al.'s (2005) study of online shopping behaviour
- Effects on learning: Odden and Rochat (2004) on enculturation of fishing, household chores and the hierarchical system in Samoa.
If a candidate explains one effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour without reference to a relevant study, up to a maximum of [5] should be awarded.
If a candidate describes a relevant study without explaining an effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour, up to a maximum of [4] should be awarded.
If a candidate explains more than one effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour, credit should be given only to the first one.
If a candidate refers to more than one study, credit should be given only for the first study.