4.3.4 (HL)—Technology and cognition

Technology can affect cognition by changing the information available, the attention required and where information is stored. A cognitive claim must identify the process—such as recall, multitasking or problem solving—and the conditions under which it changes.

A game may demand rapid monitoring and feedback, whereas constant notifications divide attention. Search engines can make information retrieval faster but may encourage people to remember where to find a fact instead of the fact itself.

These mechanisms can be useful in one task and costly in another: external memory supports complex work, but a learner who never practises retrieval may perform poorly without the device. Compare matched tasks and delayed outcomes before claiming developmental improvement.

Technology is not a single exposure and a task difference is not proof of a general intelligence effect. Specify the tool, duration, comparison and cognitive process; control prior ability and usage; and test whether any gain or cost transfers beyond the practised setting.