Course review

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.

16 Learning objectives0 Mastered0% Topic mastery0 Attempts

Learning objective

4.3.1—Aquatic primary producers

New

• Phytoplankton: microscopic photosynthetic plankton • Macrophytes: visible aquatic plants

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Learning objective

4.3.2—Human aquatic food consumption

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• Organisms from freshwater and marine environments

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Learning objective

4.3.3—Increasing demand

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• Human population growth, dietary preference changes

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Learning objective

4.3.4—Unsustainable harvesting practices

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• Bottom trawling, ghost fishing, poisons, explosives

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Learning objective

4.3.5—Fishery collapse

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• Dramatic, lasting stock decrease • Example: Newfoundland cod

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Learning objective

4.3.6—Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

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• Highest annual catch sustainable over time • Used to set fishing quotas

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Learning objective

4.3.7—Climate change impacts

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• Ocean acidification • May cause population collapse in aquatic ecosystems • Example: coral bleaching

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Learning objective

4.3.8—Mitigation strategies

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• Policy legislation for fishing industry • Consumer behaviour changes • Permits, quotas, seasons, mesh size, zones, labelling

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Learning objective

4.3.9—Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)

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• Support food chains, maintain sustainable yields • Provide shelter and spawning grounds

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Learning objective

4.3.10—Aquaculture

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• Farming of aquatic organisms • Expanding for food supply and economic development • Impacts: habitat loss, pollution, disease spread, escapees

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Learning objective

4.3.11 (HL)—Water system interconnections

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• Productivity, thermal stratification, nutrient mixing/loading • Highest productivity near coastlines and shallow seas

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Learning objective

4.3.12 (HL)—Fish stock assessment

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• Required for conservation and sustainable use • Monitoring harvest rates

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Learning objective

4.3.13 (HL)—MSY risks

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• Estimated value, inevitably inaccurate • Exceeding rate → positive feedback → rapid decline

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Learning objective

4.3.14 (HL)—Overexploited species recovery

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• Requires cooperation: governments, industry, consumers, NGOs • Measures: fishing bans, license limits, bycatch prevention

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Learning objective

4.3.15 (HL)—UNCLOS

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• Exclusive economic zone: 370 km from coast • High seas (60% of ocean): limited regulation • Equity issues when countries sell fishing access

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Learning objective

4.3.16 (HL)—Marine mammal harvesting ethics

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• Seals, whales, dolphins • Animal rights vs. indigenous group rights

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