Course review
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
Learning objective
• Climate: atmospheric conditions over long periods (~30 years) • Weather: short-term conditions
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Group of comparable ecosystems in similar climatic conditions • Influenced by precipitation, temperature, insolation
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Learning objective
• Abiotic factors • Temperature and rainfall patterns determine ecosystem type
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Learning objective
• Freshwater, marine, forest, grassland, desert, tundra • Each has characteristic limiting factors, productivity, diversity
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Learning objective
• Explains atmospheric circulation • Distribution of precipitation and temperature by latitude • Three cells: Hadley, Ferrel, polar
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Learning objective
• Oceans absorb solar radiation • Ocean currents distribute heat globally
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Learning objective
• Changing climates and biome shifts • General trend: poleward and higher altitude movement
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Learning objective
• Tropical (seasonal and equatorial) • Temperate (maritime and continental) • Polar
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Learning objective
• Temperature/rainfall pattern may not determine biome • Human interventions, local conditions affect development
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Learning objective
• El Niño Southern Oscillation • Fluctuation in wind and sea surface temperatures (tropical Pacific) • El Niño and La Niña: opposite extreme states
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Learning objective
• El Niño: weakened Walker circulation, decreased upwelling • La Niña: strengthened Walker circulation
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Learning objective
• Low-pressure systems with strong winds • Hurricanes/typhoons: sustained winds > 119 km/hr
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Learning objective
• Rising ocean temperatures increase intensity and frequency • Warmer water and air have more energy
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