Learning objective
3.4.1—Nucleophiles
• Donate electron pair to electrophile • Recognize nucleophiles as electron-rich species
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Course review
3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
13 Learning objectives0 Mastered0% Topic mastery0 Attempts
New
Learning objective
3.4.2—Nucleophilic substitution
• Nucleophile donates pair, forms new bond • Another bond breaks, leaving group departs • Deduce substitution products from nucleophile and leaving group
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.3—Heterolytic fission
• Both electrons stay with one fragment • Forms ions • Use curly arrows to show electron-pair movement
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.4—Electrophiles
• Accept electron pair from nucleophile • Recognize electrophiles as electron-deficient species
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.5—Electrophilic addition to alkenes
• High electron density at C=C bond • Reactions: + H₂O, + halogens, + hydrogen halides • Deduce alkene addition equations; SL mechanisms are not assessed
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.6—Lewis acid-base theory
• Lewis acid = electron-pair acceptor • Lewis base = electron-pair donor • Classify nucleophiles/electrophiles using Lewis acid-base theory
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.7—Coordination bond formation
• Lewis base + Lewis acid • Nucleophiles = Lewis bases • Electrophiles = Lewis acids • Explain coordination bond formation with electron-pair donation
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.8—Complex ions
• Ligands donate electron pairs to transition metal cations • Identify ligands and central transition metal cations in complex ions
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.9 (HL)—Nucleophilic substitution mechanisms
• Primary halogenoalkanes: SN2 • Tertiary halogenoalkanes: SN1 • Distinguish one-step SN2 and two-step SN1; include stereospecific SN2
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.10 (HL)—Leaving group effects
• Identity influences rate • Link carbon-halogen bond enthalpy and polarity to reaction rate
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.11 (HL)—Electrophilic addition mechanisms
• Symmetrical alkenes + halogens/water/HX • Describe mechanisms with curly arrows and carbocation/halonium intermediates as appropriate
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.12 (HL)—Carbocation stability
• Unsymmetrical alkenes + HX or H₂O • Major product from more stable carbocation • Predict and explain major products from carbocation stability
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
3.4.13 (HL)—Electrophilic substitution in benzene
• Mechanism with charged electrophile E⁺ • Formation of the electrophile is not assessed
- 0%
- Mastery
- 0
- Attempts
- 0
- Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.