What you’ll learn11 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.6.3.1Some chemical reactions are reversible• State: some chemical reactions are reversible as shown by the symbol ⇌Syllabus objective6.3.2Changing the conditions can change the• Describe how changing the conditions can change the direction of a reversible reaction for: (a) the effect of heat on hydrated compounds (b) the addition of water to anhydrous compounds limited to copper(II) sulfate and cobalt(II) chlorideSyllabus objective6.3.3Reversible reaction in a closed system• State: a reversible reaction in a closed system is at equilibrium when: (a) the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction (b) the concentrations of reactants and products are no longer changingSyllabus objective6.3.4Predict and explain, for a reversible• Predict and explain, for a reversible reaction, how the position of equilibrium is affected by: (a) changing temperature (b) changing pressure (c) changing concentration (d) using a catalyst using information providedSyllabus objective6.3.5Symbol equation for the production of• State the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process, N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)Syllabus objective6.3.6Sources of the hydrogen (methane) and• State the sources of the hydrogen (methane) and nitrogen (air) in the Haber processSyllabus objective6.3.7Typical conditions in the Haber• State the typical conditions in the Haber process as 450 °C, 20 000 kPa/200 atm and an iron catalystSyllabus objective6.3.8Symbol equation for the conversion of• State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process, 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)Syllabus objective6.3.9Sources of the sulfur dioxide (burning• State the sources of the sulfur dioxide (burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores) and oxygen (air) in the Contact processSyllabus objective6.3.10Typical conditions for the conversion• State the typical conditions for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process as 450 °C, 200 kPa/2 atm and a vanadium(V) oxide catalystSyllabus objective6.3.11Typical Haber and Contact process• Explain why typical Haber and Contact process conditions are used, considering reaction rate, equilibrium position, safety and economicsSyllabus objective