What you’ll learn4 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.12.5.1Anion tests• Describe anion tests: carbonate + dilute acid then CO2 test; halides (Cl-/Br-/I-) acidified with dilute HNO3 then aqueous AgNO3; nitrate with Al foil + aqueous NaOH then NH3 test; sulfate acidified with dilute HNO3 then aqueous Ba(NO3)2; sulfite with acidified KMnO4Syllabus objective12.5.2Cation tests using aqueous sodium• Describe cation tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia for Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+Syllabus objective12.5.3Gas tests: NH3 with damp red litmus• Describe gas tests: NH3 with damp red litmus; CO2 with limewater; Cl2 with damp litmus; H2 with lighted splint; O2 with glowing splint; SO2 with acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII)Syllabus objective12.5.4Use of a flame test to identify the• Describe use of a flame test to identify the cations: (a) lithium, Li+ (b) sodium, Na+ (c) potassium, K+ (d) calcium, Ca2+ (e) barium, Ba2+ (f) copper(II), Cu2+Syllabus objective