What you’ll learn13 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.11.8.1Polymers as large molecules built up• Define polymers as large molecules built up from many smaller molecules called monomersSyllabus objective11.8.2Formation of poly(ethene) as an• Describe formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation using ethene monomersSyllabus objective11.8.3Plastics are made from polymers• State: plastics are made from polymersSyllabus objective11.8.4Properties of plastics have• Describe how the properties of plastics have implications for their disposalSyllabus objective11.8.5Environmental challenges caused by• Describe environmental challenges caused by plastics, (a) disposal in landfill sites (b) accumulation in oceans (c) formation of toxic gases from burningSyllabus objective11.8.6Repeat units and/or linkages in• Identify the repeat units and/or linkages in addition polymers and in condensation polymersSyllabus objective11.8.7Deduce the structure or repeat unit of• Deduce the structure or repeat unit of an addition polymer from a given alkene and vice versaSyllabus objective11.8.8Deduce the structure or repeat unit of• Deduce the structure or repeat unit of a condensation polymer from given monomers and vice versa, (a) polyamides from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine (b) polyesters from a dicarboxylic acid and a diolSyllabus objective11.8.9Differences between addition and• Describe differences between addition and condensation polymerisationSyllabus objective11.8.10And draw the structure of: (a) nylon• Describe and draw the structure of: (a) nylon, a polyamide C O C O C C OO N H N H N H N H (b) PET, a polyester C O C O C C OO O OO O The full name for PET, polyethylene terephthalate, is not requiredSyllabus objective11.8.11PET can be converted back into• State: PET can be converted back into monomers and re-polymerisedSyllabus objective11.8.12Proteins as natural polyamides and• Describe proteins as natural polyamides and that they are formed from amino acid monomers with the general structure: H O H OH N H C C R where R represents different types of side- chainSyllabus objective11.8.13And draw the structure of proteins as• Describe and draw the structure of proteins as: N H C O N H C O N H C OSyllabus objective