AP Environmental Science 7.B: Photochemical Smog

Practice AP Environmental Science questions on photochemical smog, nitrogen oxides, VOCs, sunlight, ozone, health, and pollution controls.

[Maximum number: 2]

The diagram shows the movement of one adult manatee over a 12 -hour period across an active shipping channel during the winter. Manatees are large, aquatic, herbivorous mammals that primarily eat seagrass. Manatees can travel several miles to graze. Manatees mature slowly, have low biotic potential, and inhabit warm coastal waters. They cannot survive in water below 20°C for extended periods of time.

\section*{Satellite Track and Water Temperature Log of the Movement of One Adult Manatee Over a 12-Hour Period}

Figure for Question STB-2.B—Explain the causes and effects of photochemical smog and methods to reduce it question 1 — AP Environmental Science

Key Urban land Bay water Seagrass beds
Water Temperature - 13-19°C □ 20-23°C $\Delta 24-26^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$

(a)

Describe how summertime weather conditions can increase the frequency of photochemical smog.

[ 1 ]

Accept one of the following:
- Sunlight is more intense/there is more sunlight in summer, and more primary
pollutants/nitrogen oxides/ $\mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{X}}$ react in sunlight.
- Summertime temperatures are warmer than other seasons, and chemical reactions occur more quickly in warmer temperatures.
- Trees release more VOCs in summer leading to more reactions that form

1 point

(b)

Identify one ecological problem that results from exposure to photochemical smog.

A potential solution to reduce photochemical smog in urban areas with high automobile traffic is to replace gasoline-powered cars with cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells.

[ 1 ]

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STB-2.B—Explain the causes and effects of photochemical smog and methods to reduce it question 1

Question (a)

Question (b)