AP Environmental Science 5.D: Agricultural Damage
Practice AP Environmental Science questions on how monocultures, tilling, fertilizers, and runoff can damage soil and aquatic ecosystems.
- Syllabus
- Effective Fall 2025
- Course
- AP Environmental Science
Practice AP Environmental Science questions on how monocultures, tilling, fertilizers, and runoff can damage soil and aquatic ecosystems.
Common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, are primarily aquatic, but they lay their eggs on land. Researchers are interested in understanding the impact of pollution on turtle nesting sites. The researchers examined nesting sites at two agricultural areas along the floodplain of a river upstream and downstream from a chemical factory that is a known source of aqueous mercury pollution. Turtle eggs, soil, and vegetation samples taken from areas around turtle nests downstream from the chemical factory showed high levels of mercury in a previous study. Mercury was not detected in samples taken upstream from the chemical factory.

The turtle study was conducted in an agricultural area. Describe how a specific agricultural practice changes the soil in an area.
Begin your response to this question at the top of a new page in the separate Free Response booklet and fill in the appropriate circle at the top of each page to indicate the question number.
The turtle study was conducted in an agricultural area. Describe how a specific agricultural practice changes the soil in an area.
Accept one of the following:
- Tilling/plowing softens/loosens soils and/or removes organic matter or leads to erosion.
- Monocropping removes nutrients and/or moisture from soil.
- Use of synthetic fertilizers disrupts the soil chemistry in areas used for agriculture.
- Irrigation can lead to waterlogging, erosion, and/or salinization of soils.
- Slash and burn removes vegetation and upper organic layers of the soil/adds nutrients to the soil.
- Use of industrialized machinery (harvesters, plows, planters) compacts soil.
- Use of polycultures/cover cropping with nitrogen-fixing plants can add nutrients to soil.
- Use of manure/organic fertilizer can increase moisture content of the soils.
Total for part (c)
1 point
Total for question 1
10 points