AP Chemistry Unit 7.1: Dynamic Equilibrium
Practice AP Chemistry Unit 7.1 questions on recognizing equilibrium from constant observations and explaining equal forward and reverse rates.
- Syllabus
- Effective Fall 2025
- Course
- AP Chemistry
Practice AP Chemistry Unit 7.1 questions on recognizing equilibrium from constant observations and explaining equal forward and reverse rates.
When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes according to the equation above. In a study of the decomposition of calcium carbonate, a student added a 50.0 g sample of powdered CaCO3(s) to a 1.00 L rigid container. The student sealed the container, pumped out all the gases, then heated the container in an oven at 1100 K. As the container was heated, the total pressure of the CO2(g) in the container was measured over time. The data are plotted in the graph below.

The student repeated the experiment, but this time the student used a 100.0 g sample of powdered CaCO3(s). In this experiment, the final pressure in the container was 1.04 atm, which was the same final pressure as in the first experiment.
The student claimed that the final pressure in the container in each experiment became constant because all of the CaCO3(s) had decomposed. Based on the data in the experiments, do you agree with this claim? Explain.
Do not agree with claim
Explanation I: In experiment 1, the moles of CaCO_3=50.0 g / 100.09 g / mol=0.500 mol CaCO_3. If the reaction had gone to completion, 0.500 mol of CO_2 would have been produced. From part (a) only 0.0115 mol was produced. Hence, the student's claim was false.
Explanation II: The two different experiments (one with 50.0 g of CaCO_3 and one with 100.0 g of CaCO_3 ) reached the same constant, final pressure of 1.04 atm. Since increasing the amount of reactant did not produce more product, there is no way that all of the CaCO_3 reacted. Instead, an equilibrium condition has been achieved and there must be some solid CaCO_3 in the container.
1 point is earned for disagreement with the claim and for a correct justification using stoichiometry or
a discussion of the creation of an equilibrium condition.