Practise Edexcel A-Level Physics fusion conditions by explaining why high temperature, high density and containment are needed for fusion.
In France, scientists from many countries are working together to build the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).
It is hoped that the ITER will be the first fusion device on Earth to maintain nuclear fusion for long periods of time.
To achieve fusion in the ITER, a hot plasma is used.
The plasma must
- be at an extremely high temperature
- have sufficient density for fusion.
Explain why each of these two conditions must be met.
Very high temperature gives nuclei sufficient kinetic energy.
The nuclei must overcome electrostatic repulsion between positive nuclei.
The nuclei must come close enough to fuse.
Sufficient density gives a high enough collision rate to maintain fusion.