4.3.6 - Growth and development in developing, emerging and developed economies

The three components of the Human Development Index (HDI): economic education, health, income; how they are measured. development.

Use a - three components of the human development index (hdi): economic education, health, to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because a - three components of the human development index (hdi): economic education, health, determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply a - three components of the human development index (hdi): economic education, health, to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: a - three components of the Human Development Index (HDI): economic education, health, is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

Advantages and limitations of the HDI in comparing living standards between countries and over time.

Use b - advantages and limitations of the hdi in comparing living standards between countries to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because b - advantages and limitations of the hdi in comparing living standards between countries determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply b - advantages and limitations of the hdi in comparing living standards between countries to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: b - Advantages and limitations of the HDI in comparing living standards between countries is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

Other measures of development:; the percentage of adult male labour in agriculture; access to clean water; energy consumption per capita; access to internet per thousand of population; access to mobile phones per thousand of population; access to doctors per thousand of population.

Use c - other measures of development: • the percentage of adult male labour in agriculture • to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because c - other measures of development: • the percentage of adult male labour in agriculture • determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply c - other measures of development: • the percentage of adult male labour in agriculture • to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: c - Other measures of development: • the percentage of adult male labour in agriculture • is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The impact of economic factors in different countries: growth and; volatility of commodity prices development; primary product dependency (the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis); savings gap (the Harrod-Domar model); foreign currency gap; capital flight; demographic factors (size and age distribution of population; migration); debt (household and overseas); access to credit and banking; infrastructure; education and skills.

Use a - impact of economic factors in different countries: growth and • volatility of commodity to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because a - impact of economic factors in different countries: growth and • volatility of commodity determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply a - impact of economic factors in different countries: growth and • volatility of commodity to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: a - impact of economic factors in different countries: growth and • volatility of commodity is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The impact of non-economic factors in different countries:; corruption; poor governance; civil wars; migration; terrorism.

Use b - impact of non-economic factors in different countries: • corruption • poor governance • to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because b - impact of non-economic factors in different countries: • corruption • poor governance • determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply b - impact of non-economic factors in different countries: • corruption • poor governance • to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: b - impact of non-economic factors in different countries: • corruption • poor governance • is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The impact of market-orientated strategies: promote growth; trade liberalisation and development; promotion of FDI; removal of government subsidies; privatisation; floating exchange rate systems; microfinance schemes.

Use a - impact of market-orientated strategies: promote growth • trade liberalisation and to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because a - impact of market-orientated strategies: promote growth • trade liberalisation and determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply a - impact of market-orientated strategies: promote growth • trade liberalisation and to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: a - impact of market-orientated strategies: promote growth • trade liberalisation and is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The impact of interventionist strategies:; development of human capital; protectionism; managed exchange rates; infrastructure development; promoting joint ventures with TNCs; buffer stock schemes.

Use b - impact of interventionist strategies: • development of human capital • protectionism • to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because b - impact of interventionist strategies: • development of human capital • protectionism • determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply b - impact of interventionist strategies: • development of human capital • protectionism • to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: b - impact of interventionist strategies: • development of human capital • protectionism • is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The impact of other strategies:; industrialisation (the Lewis structural dual-sector model); development of tourism; development of primary industries; debt relief; aid.

Use c - impact of other strategies: • industrialisation (the lewis structural dual-sector to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because c - impact of other strategies: • industrialisation (the lewis structural dual-sector determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply c - impact of other strategies: • industrialisation (the lewis structural dual-sector to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: c - impact of other strategies: • industrialisation (the Lewis structural dual-sector is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

The role of international institutions:; the World Bank; the International Monetary Fund (IMF); non-government organisations (NGOs).

Use d - role of international institutions: • the world bank • the international monetary fund to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because d - role of international institutions: • the world bank • the international monetary fund determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply d - role of international institutions: • the world bank • the international monetary fund to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: d - role of international institutions: • the World Bank • the International Monetary Fund is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.