Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS 4 Introductory Organic Chemistry and Alkanes Questions

Identify the functional group and longest chain, apply locants and formula conventions and use the stated reagent or hazard evidence to classify the reaction or decision.

Exam points

Name and draw organic compounds using longest chains, locants and functional groups.
Convert among molecular, empirical, structural and displayed formulae accurately.
Apply hazard and reaction evidence to alkane practicals and reaction terminology.

Covered syllabus points

4.1—The difference between hazard and risk 4.2—The hazards associated with organic compounds and why it is necessary to carry out risk assessments when dealing 4.3—Suggest ways in which risks can be reduced and reactions carried out safely, for example: i working on a smaller scale ii 4.4—The concepts of homologous series and functional group 4.5—Apply the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature to: i name compounds relevant 4.6—Classify reactions as addition, substitution, oxidation, reduction or polymerisation 4.7—Bond breaking can be: i homolytic, to produce free radicals ii heterolytic, to produce ions 4.8—Definitions of the terms ‘free radical’ and ‘electrophile’ 4B: Alkanes Students will be assessed on their ability to:4.9—The general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen 4.10—The term ‘structural isomerism’4.11—Draw and name the structural isomers of alkanes and cycloalkanes with up to six carbon atoms 4.12—Alkanes are used as fuels and obtained from the fractional distillation, cracking and reforming of crude oil 4.13—Pollutants 4.14—The problems arising from pollutants from the combustion of alkane fuels 4.15—Discuss the reasons for developing alternative fuels in terms of sustainability and reducing emissions 4.16—Apply the concept of carbon neutrality to different fuels, such as petrol, bioethanol and hydrogen 4.17—The reactions of alkanes with: i oxygen in the air (combustion) ii halogens 4.18—The mechanism of the free radical substitution reaction between an alkane and a halogen: i using free radicals, which are

[Maximum number: 1]

When carrying out chemical experiments, the hazards and risks must be considered.
For a given chemical

the hazard is fixed but the risk varies

the hazard varies but the risk is fixed

both hazard and risk are fixed

both hazard and risk vary

[Maximum number: 1]

Which hazard warning symbol would be found on a bottle of hexane?

Figure for Question 2 — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS

hazard symbol A

hazard symbol B

hazard symbol C

hazard symbol D

[Maximum number: 4]

This question is about ethene, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}$ .

(a)

Ethene and chlorine react to form 1,2-dichloroethane.

[ 2 ]

(i)

One hazard symbol for 1,2-dichloroethane is shown.

Figure for Question (i) — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS

By identifying this hazard, give one way of minimising the risk when working with 1,2-dichloroethane in a laboratory.

Assume the use of safety goggles and a laboratory coat.

[ 2 ]

(b)

Ethene reacts with buta-1,3-diene to form cyclohexene as the only product.

Complete the equation for the formation of cyclohexene from ethene and buta-1,3-diene using skeletal formulae.

Figure for Question (b) — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS

[ 1 ]

(c)

Two reactions of cyclohexene are shown.

Figure for Question (c) — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS

[ 1 ]

(i)

Classify the type of reaction occurring in Reaction 1.

[ 1 ]

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Covered syllabus points

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (b)

Question (c)

Question (i)