16.1.2—Relate a rise in temperature of an object to an increase in its internal

Raising temperature increases average microscopic kinetic energy, so internal energy generally rises; phase changes may instead change microscopic potential energy at constant temperature.

Identify whether energy enters as heating, work or both, and distinguish temperature change from state change.

Heating a solid raises its temperature until melting begins; during melting, energy continues to increase internal energy while temperature stays nearly constant.

Temperature is not a direct measure of total internal energy: mass, material and phase also matter.