3. Government microeconomy intervention
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3.1 Reasons for government intervention in markets
3.1.1Public goods non-provision
• Addressing the non-provision of public goods
3.1.2Merit and demerit goods
• Addressing the over-consumption of demerit goods and the under-consumption of merit goods
3.1.3Price controls
• Controlling prices in markets
3.2 Methods and effects of government intervention in markets
• Impact and incidence of specific indirect taxes
• Impact and incidence of subsidies
• Direct provision of goods and services
• Maximum and minimum prices
• Buffer stock schemes
• Provision of information
3.3 Addressing income and wealth inequality
• Difference between income as a flow concept and wealth as a stock concept
• Measuring income and wealth inequality: - Gini coefficient (calculation not required)
• Economic reasons for inequality of income and wealth
• Policies to redistribute income and wealth: - minimum wage - transfer payments - progressive income taxes, inheritance and capital taxes - state provision of essential goods and services