13.1.5—Systematic nomenclature of simple aliphatic
- Syllabus
- 9701–2028–2029
- Objective
- 13.1.5
- Level
- AS
Name simple aliphatic compounds by selecting the parent chain and functional-group suffix
Systematic naming starts with the longest continuous carbon chain containing the principal functional group. Number it to give the suffix and multiple bonds the lowest possible locant, then add substituents.
Use the syllabus scope: straight-chain examples up to six carbons, with the stated limits for esters and nitriles. The suffix identifies the main functional group; prefixes describe substituents or halogens.
CH₃CH₂CH₂OH is propan-1-ol, while CH₃CH(OH)CH₃ is propan-2-ol. The number changes because the hydroxyl group is in a different position.
Do not number from the nearest end without checking the principal group, and do not treat a branch as part of the parent chain automatically.
ConceptA-Level CAIE Chemistry AS