1. Motion, forces and energy

1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques

1.2 Motion

1.3 Mass and weight

1.4 Density

1.5.1 Effects of forces

1.5.2 Turning effect of forces

1.5.3 Centre of gravity

1.6 Momentum

1.7.1 Energy

1.7.2 Work

1.7.3 Energy resources

1.7.4 Power

1.8 Pressure

2. Thermal physics

2.1.1 States of matter

2.1.2 Particle model

2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

2.2.2 Specific heat capacity

2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

2.3.1 Conduction

2.3.2 Convection

2.3.3 Radiation

2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer

3. Waves

3.1 General properties of waves

3.2.1 Reflection of light

3.2.2 Refraction of light

3.2.3 Thin lenses

3.2.4 Dispersion of light

3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum

3.4 Sound

4. Electricity and magnetism

4.1 Simple phenomena of magnetism

4.2.1 Electric charge

4.2.2 Electric current

4.2.3 Electromotive force and potential difference

4.2.4 Resistance

4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power

4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components

4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits

4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components

4.4 Electrical safety

4.5.1 Electromagnetic induction

4.5.2 The a.c. generator

4.5.3 Magnetic effect of a current

4.5.4 Force on a current-carrying conductor

4.5.5 The d.c. motor

4.5.6 The transformer

5. Nuclear physics

5.1.1 The atom

5.1.2 The nucleus

5.2.1 Detection of radioactivity

5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission

5.2.3 Radioactive decay

5.2.4 Half-life

5.2.5 Safety precautions

6. Space physics

6.1.1 The Earth

6.1.2 The Solar System

6.2.1 The Sun as a star

6.2.2 Stars

6.2.3 The Universe

IGCSE Physics 3.4 Sound Question Bank

[Maximum number: 6]

Fig. 3.1 shows a small submarine submerged below the surface of the sea.

Fig. 3.1

(a)

The submarine emits a pulse of sound to detect other objects in the sea. The speed of sound in sea water is $1500 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ . An echo is received with a time delay of 0.50 s after the original sound is emitted.

(i)

Calculate the distance between the submarine and the other object.

distance =

(ii)

Another pulse of sound is emitted through the air when the submarine is on the surface.

An echo is received from a second object that is in the air. This echo is received 0.50 s after the pulse of sound is emitted.

Compare the distance of the second object from the submarine with the distance calculated in (b)(i). Tick one box. Give a reason for your answer.
distance is smaller
distance is the same
distance is larger

Reason

[Maximum number: 1]

The range of audible frequencies for elephants is 10 Hz to 12000 Hz , and for horses is 55 Hz to 33000 Hz .

Which statement about the range of audible frequencies for a healthy human ear is correct?

The human ear can hear all sounds heard by both elephants and horses.

The human ear can hear all sounds heard by elephants but not all those heard by horses.

The human ear can hear all sounds heard by horses but not all those heard by elephants.

The human ear cannot hear all sounds heard by elephants nor those heard by horses.

(a)

One difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave is that a longitudinal wave consists of compressions and rarefactions.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Explain the terms compression and rarefaction using ideas about particles.
compression
rarefaction

[ 2 ]

(b)

(i)

The wave travels from the rock into the air.

State and explain whether the wave will be audible to a healthy human ear.
statement
explanation

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Fig. 4.1 shows a loudspeaker that is producing a sound wave in air of frequency 15000 Hz .

Fig. 4.1

(a)

Describe how the cone of the loudspeaker produces this sound.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Sound waves are longitudinal and electromagnetic waves are transverse.

(a)

A sound wave used for a medical examination has a frequency of 1.5 MHz .

[ 2 ]

(i)

State and explain what type of sound wave this is.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

A healthy human ear is able to hear a range of frequencies.
What is this approximate range?

10 Hz to 1000 Hz

20 Hz to 2000 Hz

20 Hz to 20000 Hz

200 Hz to 200000 Hz

[Maximum number: 1]

A ship sounds its horn when it is 790 m from a cliff. A passenger on the ship hears the echo 4.8 s later.

What is the speed of the sound?

$165 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$

$330 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$

$340 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$

$1896 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$

[Maximum number: 1]

The diagram shows the air molecules in part of a sound wave at a particular moment in time.

Which statement is not correct?

Earlier, there was compression at X .

Later, there will be a rarefaction at X .

This part of the wave is travelling horizontally across the page.

This part of the wave is travelling towards the top of the page.

(a)

State the name of the reflection of a sound wave or ultrasound wave.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 8]

Fig. 6.1 represents wavefronts of a sound wave travelling in air from left to right.

Fig. 6.1

(a)

State the name given to the:

[ 2 ]

(i)

region around A in the diagram [1]

[ 1 ]

(ii)

region around B in the diagram.

[ 1 ]

(b)

The loudness of the sound increases at the same pitch.

State and explain any change there would be in the pattern of wavefronts shown in Fig. 6.1.

[ 3 ]

(c)

The wave passes into water.

State and explain any change in the pattern of wavefronts shown in Fig. 6.1.

[ 3 ]

0 selected

Question 3

Question 3(b)

Question 3(b)(i)

Question 3(b)(ii)

Question 18

Question 5

Question 5(a)

Question 5(a)(i)

Question 5(b)

Question 5(b)(ii)

Question 4

Question 4(a)

Question 5

Question 5(a)

Question 5(a)(i)

Question 22

Question 22

Question 22

Question 5

Question 5(a)

Question 6

Question 6(a)

Question 6(a)(i)

Question 6(a)(ii)

Question 6(c)

Question 6(d)