1. Motion, forces and energy

1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques

1.2 Motion

1.3 Mass and weight

1.4 Density

1.5.1 Effects of forces

1.5.2 Turning effect of forces

1.5.3 Centre of gravity

1.6 Momentum

1.7.1 Energy

1.7.2 Work

1.7.3 Energy resources

1.7.4 Power

1.8 Pressure

2. Thermal physics

2.1.1 States of matter

2.1.2 Particle model

2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

2.2.2 Specific heat capacity

2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

2.3.1 Conduction

2.3.2 Convection

2.3.3 Radiation

2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer

3. Waves

3.1 General properties of waves

3.2.1 Reflection of light

3.2.2 Refraction of light

3.2.3 Thin lenses

3.2.4 Dispersion of light

3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum

3.4 Sound

4. Electricity and magnetism

4.1 Simple phenomena of magnetism

4.2.1 Electric charge

4.2.2 Electric current

4.2.3 Electromotive force and potential difference

4.2.4 Resistance

4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power

4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components

4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits

4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components

4.4 Electrical safety

4.5.1 Electromagnetic induction

4.5.2 The a.c. generator

4.5.3 Magnetic effect of a current

4.5.4 Force on a current-carrying conductor

4.5.5 The d.c. motor

4.5.6 The transformer

5. Nuclear physics

5.1.1 The atom

5.1.2 The nucleus

5.2.1 Detection of radioactivity

5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission

5.2.3 Radioactive decay

5.2.4 Half-life

5.2.5 Safety precautions

6. Space physics

6.1.1 The Earth

6.1.2 The Solar System

6.2.1 The Sun as a star

6.2.2 Stars

6.2.3 The Universe

IGCSE Physics 2.1.2 Particle model Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

A piece of solid metal melts to become a liquid.
How do the particles of metal or their behaviour change?

They increase in size.

They move around each other.

They move much further apart.

They vibrate more about their fixed positions.

[Maximum number: 1]

A pollen grain in a beaker of still water is viewed through a microscope.
Which diagram shows the most likely movement of the pollen grain?

[Maximum number: 1]

Brownian motion of particles is observed.
Which statements describe the movement of the particles?
1 The particles all travel along a curved path.
2 The particles move randomly.
3 The particles all travel in the same direction.

1 and 3

1 only

2 and 3

2 only

[Maximum number: 1]

Extremely small pollen grains in water are viewed through a microscope. The grains are seen to move continually and randomly.

What is the reason for this random movement?

The grains are moved by randomly moving water molecules.

The grains are moved by random convection currents in the water.

The grains are moved by random rays of light reflecting off them.

The grains are moved by the random motion of their own atoms.

[Maximum number: 4]

(a) A car has a weight of 13000 N . The car is supported by 4 tyres. The area of each tyre in contact with the road is $0.016 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ .

(a)

A car has a weight of 13000 N . The car is supported by 4 tyres. The area of each tyre in contact with the road is $0.016 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ .

[ 4 ]

(i)

Explain, in terms of particles, why the air pressure in the tyres increases when the car travels along the road.

[ 4 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Liquids are difficult to compress whereas gases can be compressed easily.

(a)

Explain, in terms of particles, why it is difficult to compress liquids.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Why can a gas be compressed easily into a smaller volume?

The particles are far apart.

The particles do not attract each other.

The particles move randomly.

The volume of each particle can be reduced.

[Maximum number: 1]

Brownian motion is the random motion of particles.
In which states of matter is Brownian motion observed?

gases, liquids and solids

gases and liquids only

gases and solids only

liquids and solids only

(a)

Explain, in terms of molecules, why liquids are very difficult to compress.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Fig. 3.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.

Fig. 3.1

(a)

Describe, in terms of momentum of the molecules, how a pressure is exerted on the walls of the cylinder.

[ 3 ]

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Question 9

Question 10

Question 10

Question 10

Question 3

Question 3(a)

Question 3(a)(ii)

Question 3

Question 3(a)

Question 12

Question 12

Question 3

Question 3(a)

Question 3

Question 3(a)