1. Motion, forces and energy

1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques

1.2 Motion

1.3 Mass and weight

1.4 Density

1.5.1 Effects of forces

1.5.2 Turning effect of forces

1.5.3 Centre of gravity

1.6 Momentum

1.7.1 Energy

1.7.2 Work

1.7.3 Energy resources

1.7.4 Power

1.8 Pressure

2. Thermal physics

2.1.1 States of matter

2.1.2 Particle model

2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

2.2.2 Specific heat capacity

2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

2.3.1 Conduction

2.3.2 Convection

2.3.3 Radiation

2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer

3. Waves

3.1 General properties of waves

3.2.1 Reflection of light

3.2.2 Refraction of light

3.2.3 Thin lenses

3.2.4 Dispersion of light

3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum

3.4 Sound

4. Electricity and magnetism

4.1 Simple phenomena of magnetism

4.2.1 Electric charge

4.2.2 Electric current

4.2.3 Electromotive force and potential difference

4.2.4 Resistance

4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power

4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components

4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits

4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components

4.4 Electrical safety

4.5.1 Electromagnetic induction

4.5.2 The a.c. generator

4.5.3 Magnetic effect of a current

4.5.4 Force on a current-carrying conductor

4.5.5 The d.c. motor

4.5.6 The transformer

5. Nuclear physics

5.1.1 The atom

5.1.2 The nucleus

5.2.1 Detection of radioactivity

5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission

5.2.3 Radioactive decay

5.2.4 Half-life

5.2.5 Safety precautions

6. Space physics

6.1.1 The Earth

6.1.2 The Solar System

6.2.1 The Sun as a star

6.2.2 Stars

6.2.3 The Universe

IGCSE Physics 1.8 Pressure Question Bank

[Maximum number: 3]

Fig. 1.1 shows sea water flowing down a channel into a tank without splashing. The water is flowing at a rate of $800 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{min}$ . The length and width of the tank are 3.10 m and 1.20 m . The density of the sea water is $1020 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ .

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a)

The water stops flowing. The depth of water in the tank is 0.800 m .

Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank due to the water.

[ 3 ]

(a)

The piece of glass shown in Fig. 1.1 is used as the vertical viewing window of an aquarium. The atmospheric pressure outside the aquarium is $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ . The average pressure on the inside of the aquarium window is $1.3 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ .

Calculate the resultant force acting on the window due to these pressures and state the direction in which it acts.
force =
direction of force

[ 4 ]

(b)

Fig. 1.2 shows a vacuum pump connected to the top of a vertical tube with its lower end immersed in a tank of liquid. The pump reduces the pressure above the column to zero and the pressure at point X is $9.6 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~Pa}$ .

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

Calculate the density of the liquid.
density =
[Total: 10]

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Fig. 1.1 is the top view of a tank in an aquarium. The tank is filled with salt water.

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The depth of the water in the tank is 2.0 m .

(a)

Calculate the pressure due to the water at a level of 0.80 m above the base of the tank.
pressure =
[Total: 8]

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 1.1 is the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled with sea water.

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a)

Calculate the pressure due to the sea water at the bottom of the pool.
pressure =

[ 2 ]

(a)

(i)

Define pressure.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Describe how pressure in a liquid varies with its depth and with its density.
variation with depth
variation with density

[ 2 ]

(a)

Fig. 2.1 shows a bookshelf with two groups of books A and B on it. There are six books in each group of books. All the books are identical. The mass of each book is 0.52 kg.

Fig. 2.1

[ 6 ]

(i)

Explain why the pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group B is less than the pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group A.

[ 3 ]

(ii)

Calculate the pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group A .

pressure =...........................................................

[ 3 ]

(b)

A diver dives to a depth below the surface of the sea where the total pressure is $3.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ . The atmospheric pressure is $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ . The density of the sea water is $1030 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ .

Calculate the depth of the diver below the surface of the sea.
depth =

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Fig. 2.1 shows a measuring cylinder that contains a coloured liquid.

Fig. 2.1

The measuring cylinder contains $82 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$ of the liquid. The density of the liquid is $950 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ .

(a)

The height h of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 0.094 m.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point X in Fig. 2.1.
pressure =

(ii)

The true pressure at point X is different from the value calculated in (b)(i). Explain why.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 2.1 represents the cross-section of an oil tanker in a river.

Fig. 2.1

(a)

The bottom of the tanker is 15 m below the surface of the water. The area of the bottom of the tanker is $6000 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ . The density of the water is $1000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ .

[ 2 ]

(i)

Calculate the pressure due to the water at the depth of 15 m .

pressure =

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Calculate the force due to the water pressure on the bottom of the tanker.

force =

[Maximum number: 7]

Fig. 2.1 shows a vehicle designed to be used on the Moon.

Fig. 2.1

The brakes of the vehicle are tested on Earth.

(a)

Fig. 2.2 shows the brake pedal of the vehicle.

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the brakes.

The area of the piston in the cylinder is $6.5 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^{2}\left(0.00065 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\right)$ . The pressure increase in the oil is $5.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}(500000 \mathrm{~Pa})$ .

Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal.

force =

[ 7 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The equation $\Delta p=\rho g \Delta h$ can be used for a liquid.
What is the meaning of the term $\rho$ ?

pressure due to the liquid

density of the liquid

total pressure due to the liquid and the air above the liquid

density of an object placed in the liquid

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1(c)

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Question 8