1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 8.4 Transition elements Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

Some elements are shown in the order they appear in the reactivity series. The most reactive element is at the top.
> sodium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron hydrogen copper

(a)

Answer the questions using the list of elements. Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Identify:

[ 1 ]

(i)

a metal that forms chlorides of the type $\mathrm{XCl}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{XCl}_{3}$ .

[ 1 ]

(a)

This question is about elements.
> aluminium
> carbon iron hydrogen oxygen silicon sodium sulfur

Answer the following questions about these elements.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Name the element that has oxidation states of +2 and +3 .

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 8]

Some oxides of some elements are listed.

(a)

Answer the following questions using only oxides from the list. Each oxide may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the formula of an oxide

[ 6 ]

(i)

which is coloured,

[Maximum number: 1]

A list of five metals is shown.

A list of five metals is shown.

\title{
copper \\ iron \\ magnesium \\ potassium \\ silver
}

(a)

All metals form positive ions.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Suggest one of the five metals in the list which is not likely to show catalytic properties.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Cobalt and copper are transition elements.

(a)

One physical property of transition elements such as copper and cobalt is that they are hard. Other metals such as lithium are softer.

State two other physical properties of copper and cobalt which are significantly different from lithium.

1

2

[ 2 ]

(a)

(i)

Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.
Describe two physical properties of sodium which are different from the physical properties of transition elements such as copper.

1

2

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Zinc and copper are elements next to each other in the Periodic Table.

(a)

Copper is a transition element. It can have variable oxidation states.

State two other chemical properties of transition elements which make them different from Group I elements.

1

2

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

This question is about nitrogen and some of its compounds.

(a)

Ammonia is converted into nitric acid.

The first stage of this conversion uses a catalyst and occurs at a temperature of $900^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and a pressure of 5 atmospheres.

4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 4 \mathrm{NO}(\mathrm{~g})+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{~g})

The forward reaction is exothermic.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Suggest which of the following elements is most likely to be used as a catalyst. Draw a circle around your answer.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Hydrogen iodide thermally decomposes into iodine and hydrogen. The reaction is reversible.

\underset{\text { colourless gas }}{2 \mathrm{HI}(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow \underset{\substack{\mathrm{I}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \\ \text { purple gas }}}{\rightleftharpoons}+\underset{\substack{\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \\ \text { colourless gas }}}{ }

Fig. 4.1 shows a gas syringe containing a mixture of hydrogen iodide, iodine and hydrogen gases. The gas syringe is sealed and the mixture is heated to $300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . The mixture of gases reaches equilibrium and is purple.

Fig. 4.1

(a)

Methanol is manufactured by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen.

\mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(\mathrm{~g})

The rate of formation of methanol increases when a catalyst is used.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Choose from the list the element that is most likely to be used as the catalyst.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.
calcium carbon copper sodium sulfur

[ 1 ]

Which metal has variable oxidation states?
A aluminium
B calcium
C copper
D sodium

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(vi)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(iv)

Question 2

Question 2(a)

Question 2(a)(iii)

Question 2

Question 2(a)

Question 2(a)(iii)

Question 2

Question 2(b)

Question 3

Question 3(a)

Question 3(a)(i)

Question 3

Question 3(c)

Question 3

Question 3(b)

Question 3(b)(i)

Question 4

Question 4(e)

Question 4(e)(i)

Question 21