1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 11.6 Alcohols Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

Name the process used to:

(a)

produce ethanol from ethene

[ 1 ]

(a)

Five organic compounds have the following structures.
A
C
C
A
,

B
B

[ 1 ]

(i)

Name the two products made during the complete combustion of compound C.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Some symbol equations and word equations, A to J, are shown.

A $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$

B $\mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

C ethane + chlorine → chloroethane + hydrogen chloride

D $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{26} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}+\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}$

E ethene + steam → ethanol
F chlorine + aqueous potassium iodide → iodine + aqueous potassium chloride

G $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}$

H ethanoic acid + ethanol → ethyl ethanoate + water
I calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

J $6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}$

Use the equations to answer the questions that follow.
Each equation may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Give the letter, A to J, for the equation that represents:

(a)

fermentation [1]

[ 1 ]

(a)

State the name of the process that is used to

[ 1 ]

(i)

produce ethanol from simple sugars,

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

A list of substances is shown.

Answer the questions using the substances in the list.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which substance is:

(a)

a reactant in fermentation

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

A list of substances is shown.

Answer the questions using the list of substances.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which of the substances:

(a)

are two products of fermentation and

[ 2 ]

(b)

is used as a fuel

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

A list of substances is shown.
> ammonia bauxite carbon dioxide carbon monoxide ethanol hematite oxygen sodium chloride sulfur dioxide

Answer the questions using the list of substances.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which substance is:

(a)

used as a fuel ..... [1]

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Give the name of the process that is used:

(a)

to make ethanol from glucose

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
A

(a)

Describe how D is manufactured from B. Give a chemical equation for the reaction.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 9]

The chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}$ , is shown.

\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+3 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}

The energy released when one mole of ethanol undergoes complete combustion is 1280 kJ .
Part of the energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.

(a)

Dodecane is an alkane containing 12 carbon atoms. Ethanol can be manufactured from dodecane in a two-stage process.

In stage 1, each molecule of dodecane is converted into three molecules of ethene and one molecule of another hydrocarbon.

[ 2 ]

(i)

State two conditions needed for stage 2.

1

2

[ 2 ]

(b)

Ethanol can also be manufactured by the fermentation of glucose, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$ .

[ 7 ]

(i)

State two conditions needed for the fermentation of glucose.

1
2

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Complete the chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose.

\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6} \rightarrow \ldots \ldots . \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+

[ 2 ]

(iii)

One disadvantage of fermentation is that the maximum concentration of ethanol produced is about 15%.

Suggest why the concentration of ethanol produced by fermentation does not exceed 15%.

[ 1 ]

(iv)

Give one other disadvantage of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.

[ 1 ]

(v)

Give one advantage, other than cost, of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.

[ 1 ]

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Question 1

Question 1(d)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(vi)

Question 1

Question 1(e)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(iii)

Question 1

Question 1(e)

Question 1

Question 1(c)

Question 1(d)

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Question 1(d)

Question 1

Question 1(c)

Question 2

Question 2(e)

Question 3

Question 3(d)

Question 3(d)(iii)

Question 3(e)

Question 3(e)(i)

Question 3(e)(ii)

Question 3(e)(iii)

Question 3(e)(iv)

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