1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 11.4 Alkanes Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

Some symbol equations and word equations, A to J, are shown.

A $\mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

B $\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$

C methane + chlorine → chloromethane + hydrogen chloride
D propene + bromine → 1,2-dibromopropane

E $\quad \mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{22} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}+\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}$

F chlorine + aqueous potassium bromide → bromine + aqueous potassium chloride
G methane + oxygen → carbon monoxide + water

H $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

I hydrogen + oxygen → water

J $6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}$

Use the equations to answer the questions that follow.
Each equation may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Give the letter, A to J, for the equation which represents:

(a)

a substitution reaction. [1]
[Total: 6]

Question 2 starts on the next page.

[ 1 ]

(a)

Five organic compounds have the following structures.
A
C
C
A
,

B
B

[ 1 ]

(i)

Which compound is a saturated hydrocarbon?

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Petroleum is a useful natural resource.

The diagram shows how petroleum can be separated into useful substances.

(a)

Refinery gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

One refinery gas is butane, $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}$ .

[ 2 ]

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The following table gives information about six substances.

(a)

Which substance could be propane?

[ 1 ]

(a)

The structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
Answer the questions that follow.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
A

E
E

[ 1 ]

(i)

Give the letter of one compound that reacts with chlorine to form the compound shown.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Silver has an atomic number of 47.

(a)

Members of one homologous series only react with chlorine in the presence of sunlight.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Name two products that form when the compound in (i) reacts with chlorine.

1

2

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Which reaction is not affected by the presence of light?

a candle burning

methane reacting with chlorine

photosynthesis

silver bromide decomposing to form silver

[Maximum number: 1]

Which reaction is a photochemical reaction?

addition of bromine to propene

esterification of ethanol and ethanoic acid

oxidation of ethanol

substitution of methane with chlorine

[Maximum number: 3]

Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens.

(a)

When one mole of chlorine, $\mathrm{Cl}_{2}$ , reacts with one mole of propane, a mixture of two structural isomers is formed.

[ 3 ]

(i)

What is the name of the type of reaction which takes place between chlorine and propane?

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Draw the structure of two structural isomers formed when one mole of chlorine reacts with one mole of propane.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

Gasoline is used as a fuel for cars. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

(a)

One of the compounds in gasoline is heptane, $\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}$ . Heptane is a saturated hydrocarbon.

[ 1 ]

(i)

To which homologous series does heptane belong?

[ 1 ]

(b)

The formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}$ represents two structural isomers, A and B.

[ 3 ]

(i)

Isomer B reacts with chlorine in a substitution reaction.

Give the conditions required for the reaction to occur and draw the structures of two possible products, one of which is organic and one of which is not organic.
conditions
structures of products

[ 3 ]

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1(f)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(iv)

Question 1

Question 1(c)

Question 1(c)(ii)

Question 1

Question 1(d)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(iv)

Question 2

Question 2(f)

Question 2(f)(ii)

Question 15

Question 19

Question 5

Question 5(d)

Question 5(d)(i)

Question 5(d)(iii)

Question 4

Question 4(b)

Question 4(b)(ii)

Question 4(d)

Question 4(d)(iii)