1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology Question Bank

(a)

Five organic compounds have the following structures.
A
C
C
A
,

B
B

[ 1 ]

(i)

Which two compounds are structural isomers of each other?

[ 1 ]

(a)

The structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
Answer the questions that follow.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
A

E
E

[ 2 ]

(i)

Give the letter of the compound that is in the same homologous series as hex-1-ene.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Draw a structural isomer of compound D.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The structure of glycine is shown.

Which row is correct?

formula of glycine

number of different

elements in glycine

$\mathrm{CH}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{~N}$

$\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{~N}$

$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCHCOOH}$

[Maximum number: 1]

Silver has an atomic number of 47.

(a)

Members of one homologous series only react with chlorine in the presence of sunlight.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Name a member of this homologous series.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Fluorine is a Group VII element. Fluorine forms compounds with metals and non-metals.

(a)

Tetrafluoroethene is an unsaturated compound with the formula $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{4}$ . Tetrafluoroethene is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(tetrafluoroethene).

[ 2 ]

(i)

What is meant by the term unsaturated?

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Draw the structure of a molecule of tetrafluoroethene. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 5]

The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
A

(a)

Identify two of the compounds that are members of the same homologous series.

Give the general formula of this homologous series.
compounds
general formula

[ 2 ]

(b)

Which two compounds are isomers of each other?

Explain why they are isomers.
compounds
explanation

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens.

(a)

When one mole of chlorine, $\mathrm{Cl}_{2}$ , reacts with one mole of propane, a mixture of two structural isomers is formed.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Explain what is meant by the term structural isomers.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Sulfur dioxide, $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ , is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

(a)

When propan-1-ol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst an unsaturated hydrocarbon of relative molecular mass 42 is formed and one other product.

[ 1 ]

(i)

What is meant by the term unsaturated?

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

Gasoline is used as a fuel for cars. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

(a)

One of the compounds in gasoline is heptane, $\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}$ . Heptane is a saturated hydrocarbon.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Give two characteristics of an homologous series.

1
2

[ 2 ]

(b)

The formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}$ represents two structural isomers, A and B.

[ 2 ]

(i)

What is meant by the term structural isomers?

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Ethanol is made industrially by the reaction of ethene with steam. The reaction occurs at a temperature of $300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and a pressure of 60 atmospheres.

\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(\mathrm{~g})

A catalyst is used in this reaction.
The forward reaction is exothermic.

(a)

Ethanol is a member of the alcohol homologous series.

Members of the same homologous series have the same general formula.

[ 3 ]

(i)

State the general formula of alcohols.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

State two general characteristics, other than the same general formula, of all homologous series.

1

2

[ 2 ]

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(ii)

Question 1

Question 1(a)

Question 1(a)(vi)

Question 1(a)(viii)

Question 7

Question 2

Question 2(f)

Question 2(f)(i)

Question 3

Question 3(f)

Question 3(f)(i)

Question 3(f)(iii)

Question 2

Question 2(b)

Question 2(c)

Question 5

Question 5(d)

Question 5(d)(ii)

Question 3

Question 3(d)

Question 3(d)(i)

Question 4

Question 4(b)

Question 4(b)(iii)

Question 4(d)

Question 4(d)(ii)

Question 4

Question 4(c)

Question 4(c)(i)

Question 4(c)(ii)