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IB ESS 8.3.9 (HL) Smog intensification factors

IB ESS 8.3.9 (HL) Smog intensification factors
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise explaining how local weather, topography and emissions intensify photochemical smog and raise ozone concentrations in urban areas.

How this is tested

  • outline how low wind, strong insolation or temperature inversion increases smog severity
  • explain why valleys, mountains or high-rise buildings trap ozone and other pollutants
  • link dense traffic or fossil fuel use to higher primary pollutants for photochemical smog
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