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IB ESS 8.2.12 (HL) Urban sustainability models

IB ESS 8.2.12 (HL) Urban sustainability models
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise using HL urban sustainability models to judge whether city systems keep resource use within ecological and social limits.

How this is tested

  • apply circular economy ideas to urban waste, materials, energy or resource flows
  • use doughnut economics to judge whether a city meets needs within environmental limits
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