IB ESS 4.2.9 (HL) Freshwater planetary boundary

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise linking freshwater stress to climate change, planetary boundaries, and sustainability decisions in named resource-use case studies.

How this is tested

outline how temperature, evaporation or rainfall shifts alter freshwater availability and scarcity
evaluate sustainability of freshwater use in a named case study with environmental philosophies
link rising demand to water stress and risk of abrupt hydrological system change

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