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IB ESS 4.1.13 (HL) Upwellings

IB ESS 4.1.13 (HL) Upwellings
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise explaining how upwellings move cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and affect productivity in oceans or lakes.

How this is tested

  • apply an upwelling diagram to explain increased nutrients and surface productivity
  • link seasonal lake cycles or ENSO changes to shifts in nutrient-rich water movement
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