6 Statistics and probability
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6.1 Graphical representation of data
6.1.ADifferent methods of presenting data Pictograms, bar
use different methods of presenting data Pictograms, bar charts and pie charts, and only two-way tables
6.1.BTabulating data for statistical diagrams
use appropriate methods of tabulation to enable the construction of statistical diagrams
6.1.CStatistical diagrams
interpret statistical diagrams
6.1.HAHistograms
construct and interpret histograms For continuous variables with unequal class intervals
6.1.HBCumulative frequency diagrams from tabulated data
construct cumulative frequency diagrams from tabulated data
6.1.HCCumulative frequency diagrams
use cumulative frequency diagrams
6.2 Statistical measures
6.2.AThe concept of average
Understand averages for data presented in lists or tables.
6.2.BThe mean, median, mode and range for a discrete data
calculate the mean, median, mode and range for a discrete data set Includes simple problems using these measures
6.2.CEstimating the mean from grouped data
Calculate an estimate of the mean from grouped data.
6.2.DThe modal class for grouped data
identify the modal class for grouped data
6.2.HAThe median from a cumulative frequency diagram
estimate the median from a cumulative frequency diagram
6.2.HBMeasures of spread
Understand the concept of a measure of spread.
6.2.HCInterquartile range from discrete data
find the interquartile range from a discrete data set The terms ‘upper quartile’ and ‘lower quartile’ may be used
6.2.HDThe interquartile range from a cumulative frequency
estimate the interquartile range from a cumulative frequency diagram
6.3 Probability
6.3.AProbability terminology
Use probability language including outcomes, equal likelihood, events and randomness.
6.3.BThe probability scale
understand and use the probability scale P(certainty) = 1 P(impossibility) = 0
6.3.CTheoretical probability
understand and use estimates or measures of probability from theoretical models
6.3.DProbabilities from a Venn diagram
find probabilities from a Venn diagram
6.3.ESample spaces and events
Understand sample spaces and events, and determine event probabilities from a sample space.
6.3.FSystematic outcome lists for successive events
List outcomes systematically for single events and for two successive events.
6.3.GProbabilities from previously collected data
estimate probabilities from previously collected data
6.3.HComplementary events
calculate the probability of the complement of an event using P(A′) = 1 − P(A)
6.3.IThe addition rule of probability for mutually exclusive
use the addition rule of probability for mutually exclusive events P(Either A or B occurring) = P(A) + P(B) when A and B are mutually exclusive
6.3.JExpected frequency
understand and use the term ‘expected frequency’ Determine an estimate of the number of times an event with a probability of 0.4 will happen over 300 tries
6.3.HATree diagrams
draw and use tree diagrams
6.3.HBThe probability that two or more independent events
determine the probability that two or more independent events will occur
6.3.HCSimple conditional probability when combining events
use simple conditional probability when combining events Picking two balls out of a bag, one after the other, without replacement
6.3.HDProbability to simple problems
apply probability to simple problems