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8. Probability

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4 topics · 8 learning objectives

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  1. E8.1 Introduction to probability

    1. E8.1.1Understand and use the probability scale from 0 to 1.

      • Understand and use the probability scale from 0 to 1.

    2. E8.1.2Understand and use probability notation.

      • Understand and use probability notation.

    3. E8.1.3Calculate the probability of a single event.

      • Calculate the probability of a single event.

    4. E8.1.4Understand that the probability of an event not occurring = 1 – the

      • Understand that the probability of an event not occurring = 1 – the probability of the event occurring. P(A) is the probability of A P(A′) is the probability of not A Probabilities should be given as a fraction, decimal or percentage. Problems may require using information from tables, graphs or Venn diagrams. e.g. P(B) = 0.8, find P(B′)

  2. E8.2 Relative and expected frequencies

    1. E8.2.1Understand relative frequency as an estimate of probability.

      • Understand relative frequency as an estimate of probability.

    2. E8.2.2Calculate expected frequencies

      • Calculate expected frequencies. e.g. use results of experiments with a spinner to estimate the probability of a given outcome. e.g. use probability to estimate an expected value from a population. Includes understanding what is meant by fair, bias and random.

  3. E8.3 Probability of combined events

    1. E8.3.1

      • Calculate the probability of combined events using, where appropriate: • sample space diagrams • Venn diagrams • tree diagrams. Combined events could be with or without replacement. The notation P(A ∩ B) and P(A ∪ B) may be used in the context of Venn diagrams. On tree diagrams outcomes will be written at the end of branches and probabilities by the side of the branches.

  4. E8.4 Conditional probability

    1. E8.4.1

      • Calculate conditional probability using Venn diagrams, tree diagrams and tables. Knowledge of notation, P(A|B), and formulas relating to conditional probability is not required.