2.2.8—Schema theory
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2027
- Objective
- 2.2.8
- Level
- HL
Schemas make memory efficient but reconstructive
A schema is an organised framework that guides attention, interpretation and retrieval. It allows people to fill gaps and act efficiently, but can also introduce consistent distortions.
Schema effects are strongest when information is ambiguous or incomplete. New details may be assimilated to an existing framework, while surprising details may be remembered less or force revision.
A person recalling a hospital visit may insert expected doctor equipment that was never seen. The error reveals a reconstruction mechanism, not proof that all details were invented.
A schema is not a conscious stereotype in every case. Specify the prior knowledge, the task and the evidence for its effect.