Practise IB ESS SL Topic 8 by calculating demographic rates, interpreting population pyramids and urban data, and evaluating pollution and planning choices for sustainable…
Figure Crude birth rate, crude death rate, total population (1960-2024) and predicted total population (2025-2100) for South Korea
| Year | Crude birth rate |
|---|---|
| 1980 | |
| 2024 |
Using Figure, state the crude birth rate (CBR) of South Korea in 1980 and 2024.
Using Figure, calculate the natural increase rate (NIR) in 1980.
Explain which stage of the demographic transition model South Korea was in during 1980.
Outline two national development policies that might have contributed to the changes in the crude birth rates in South Korea between 1960 and 2024.
Sketch the shape of the age-gender pyramid for 2024 that would lead to the predicted total population changes from 2024 to 2100, as shown in Figure.
Figure:Examples of ecosystems in London
Figure:Climate graph for London
Figure:Green spaces in London
London green space
- 47% of London is classified as green space.
- London has over 8 million trees and 13,000 species.
- Green spaces can provide ecosystem services such as habitat, air cleaning, cooling and flood mitigation.
With reference to Figure: Examples of ecosystems in London and Figure: Climate graph for London, identify an ecosystem found in London.
Figure:Atmospheric pollutants associated with photochemical smog
Identify one primary pollutant from the pollutants shown in the photochemical-smog pollutant chart shown above.
Outline why the pollutant named in Question 3 (a)(i) is referred to as a primary pollutant.
Outline one reason why there is an increase in nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons early in the day.
Outline the role of catalytic converters in reducing photochemical smog.
| Population | 5157100 |
|---|---|
| Live births | 58887 |
| Deaths | 38574 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.66 children per woman |
Table:Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022
With reference to Table: Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022, calculate the crude death rate (CDR) per 1000 people for the year 2022.
Outline how the total fertility rate of New Zealand shown in Table: Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022 will influence its future population.
