Learning objective
6.1.1—Atmosphere boundary
• Between Earth and space • Outer limit of biosphere • Composition and processes support life
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Course review
6.1 Introduction to the atmosphere
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Learning objective
6.1.2—Atmospheric circulation
• Differential heating creates tricellular model • Redistributes heat from equator to poles
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Learning objective
6.1.3—Greenhouse gases and aerosols
• Absorb and re-emit infrared radiation • GHGs: water vapour, CO₂, methane, nitrous oxides • Aerosols: black carbon
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Learning objective
6.1.4—Greenhouse effect
• Keeps Earth warmer than otherwise • Natural process enabling life • Enhanced greenhouse effect: human GHG accumulation → global warming • Climate change: broader range of resulting changes
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Learning objective
6.1.5 (HL)—Atmosphere as dynamic system
• Physical processes: global warming, air movements • Chemical processes: ozone production from oxygen
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Learning objective
6.1.6 (HL)—Atmospheric pressure and altitude
• Gravity pulls molecules to surface • Atmosphere thins with altitude • Standard lapse rate: ~1°C per 100m
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Learning objective
6.1.7 (HL)—Milankovitch cycles
• Affect solar radiation reaching Earth • Climate cycles over tens to hundreds of thousands of years • Three types: orbit shape, tilt angle, axis rotation • Do not explain current warming
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Learning objective
6.1.8 (HL)—Global warming and geological cycles
• Moving away from glacial-interglacial cycle • Quaternary period (2.5 million years) • Current changes: rapid and anthropogenic (Anthropocene epoch)
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Learning objective
6.1.9 (HL)—Life and atmosphere evolution
• Life changed atmospheric composition • Photosynthesis: decreased CO₂, increased O₂ • Allowed stratospheric ozone formation, metal oxidation
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