Course review
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
Learning objective
• All cells arise from pre-existing parent cells by cell division • Division produces daughter cells for growth, replacement, repair, or reproduction
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Cytokinesis splits cytoplasm after nuclear division • Animal cells use a contractile ring; plant cells form a vesicle-derived cell plate
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Equal cytokinesis gives daughter cells similar amounts of cytoplasm • Unequal cytokinesis occurs in oogenesis and yeast budding
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Mitosis maintains chromosome number for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction • Meiosis halves chromosome number for gametes and generates genetic diversity
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• DNA replication in interphase produces chromosomes with sister chromatids • Sister chromatids remain joined at centromeres until separation
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Mitosis and meiosis both condense chromatin into movable chromosomes • Histones, nucleosomes, spindle microtubules, and motor proteins organize movement
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Prophase condenses chromosomes; metaphase aligns them at the equator • Anaphase separates chromatids; telophase reforms nuclei, producing identical nuclei
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Mitosis phases are identified in diagrams, micrographs, and root-tip squashes • Chromosome condensation, equator alignment, separation, and nuclear membranes are cues
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Meiosis has two nuclear divisions after one round of DNA replication • Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I, producing haploid nuclei
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Non-disjunction is failed separation of homologues or sister chromatids in meiosis • Down syndrome usually results from trisomy 21 after non-disjunction
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Crossing over at chiasmata exchanges DNA between non-sister chromatids • Random orientation of bivalents and fertilization create new allele combinations
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.