What you’ll learn14 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.3.3.1Preservation justifications• Aesthetic, ecological, economic, ethical, socialSyllabus objective3.3.2Conservation strategies• Species-based: ex situ (zoos, botanic gardens, CITES, seed banks)• Habitat-based: in situ (national parks, reserves, sanctuaries)Syllabus objective3.3.3Mixed conservation approach• Both habitat and particular species considered• Flagship/keystone species used to justify habitat conservationSyllabus objective3.3.4Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)• UN treaty addressing species and habitat conservation• National strategies for conservation and sustainable use• Includes Nagoya Protocol (equitable sharing of genetic resources)Syllabus objective3.3.5Habitat conservation strategies• Protect species by conserving natural environment• May require wild area protection or active managementSyllabus objective3.3.6Effective conservation factors• Understanding target species biology• Size and shape of conservation areas• Edge effects, wildlife corridors for connectivity• UNESCO biosphere reserves: pristine core, buffer zones, transition zonesSyllabus objective3.3.7Rewilding• Regenerates natural processes in ecosystems• Methods: apex predator reintroduction, habitat connectivity, cessation of agricultureSyllabus objective3.3.8Conservation measures• Reverse biodiversity decline• Operating within biodiversity planetary boundary• Individual, collective, national, international levelsSyllabus objective3.3.9Perspectives and conservation strategy choice• Environmental perspectives and value systems impact choices• Success depends on: community support, funding, education, legislation, researchSyllabus objective3.3.10(HL)—Organization success factors• Media use, speed of response, diplomatic constraints• Financial resources, political influenceSyllabus objective3.3.11(HL)—Positive feedback in rewilding• Enhance biodiversity and promote ecosystem equilibrium• Triggered by rewilding and habitat restorationSyllabus objective3.3.12(HL)—Rewilding benefits and limitations• Benefits vs. land-use issues (food production)• Examples: Knepp Estate, Affric Highlands, GorongosaSyllabus objective3.3.13(HL)—Assessing conservation success• Three levels: project success, community reception, best approach• Examples: Willie Smits, Wangari Maathai's Green Belt MovementSyllabus objective3.3.14(HL)—Ecotourism• Generates income for protection• Can have negative societal and ecological impactsSyllabus objective
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