What you’ll learn4 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.4.1.1Benefits of international trade• Trade can increase competition, lower prices, expand choice, and provide access to resources• Trade can raise foreign exchange earnings, access larger markets, generate economies of scale, and improve resource allocation and production efficiency• Diagram: free trade illustrating exports when world price is above domestic price• Diagram: free trade illustrating imports when world price is below domestic priceSyllabus objective4.1.2(HL)—Absolute and comparative advantage• Comparative advantage is based on lower opportunity cost• Specialization and trade can create gains from trade• Sources of comparative advantage explain why countries trade• Diagram [HL]: linear PPCs showing different opportunity costs and gains from specialization and trade• Calculation [HL]: opportunity costs from data to identify comparative advantageSyllabus objective4.1.3(HL)—Limits of comparative advantage• Comparative advantage theory has limitations in real-world trade analysis• Evaluation should consider assumptions, distributional effects, and practical constraintsSyllabus objective4.1.4(HL)—Trade quantity and value calculations• Calculate quantity of exports and quantity of imports from a diagram• Calculate import expenditure and export revenue from a diagramSyllabus objective