What you’ll learn6 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.17.1.1Preparation of aldehydes and ketones• Recall preparation of aldehydes and ketones- (a) the oxidation of primary alcohols using acidified K 2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4 and distillation to produce aldehydes- (b) the oxidation of secondary alcohols using acidified K 2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4 and distillation to produce ketonesSyllabus objective17.1.2Describe• Describe:: (a) the reduction of aldehydes and ketones using NaBH4 or LiAl H4 to produce alcohols; (b) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN, KCN as catalyst, and heat to produce hydroxynitriles as exemplified by ethanal and propanoneSyllabus objective17.1.3Reactions of hydrogen cyanide• Describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with aldehydes and ketones in 17 .1.2(b)Syllabus objective17.1.42,4-DNPH carbonyl test• Describe the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH reagent) to detect the presence of carbonyl compoundsSyllabus objective17.1.5The nature (aldehyde or ketone) of an unknown• Deduce the nature (aldehyde or ketone) of an unknown carbonyl compound from the results of simple tests (Fehling’s and Tollens’ reagents; ease of oxidation)Syllabus objective17.1.6Iodoform test for CH3CO- group• Deduce the presence of a CH3CO – group in an aldehyde or ketone, CH3CO–R, from its reaction with alkaline I2(aq) to form a yellow precipitate of tri-iodomethane and an ion, RCO2 –Syllabus objective