QuestionQuestionConceptConceptDocumentDocument

8 Fluids

Start with Concept to understand a topic, then use Question Bank to check what you know.

4 topics · 7 learning objectives

Your progress

Sign in to see your mastery and mistakes.

  1. 8.1 Internal Structure and Density

    1. 8.1.A

      Describe the properties of a fluid. • Distinguishing properties of solids, liquids, and gases stem from the varying interactions between atoms and molecules. • A fluid is a substance that has no fixed shape. • Fluids can be characterized by their density. Density is defined as a ratio of mass to volume. Relevant equation: • An ideal fluid is incompressible and has no viscosity. TOPIC 8.1 Internal Structure and Density

  2. 8.2 Pressure

    1. 8.2.ADescribe the pressure exerted on a surface by a given force

      Describe the pressure exerted on a surface by a given force. • Pressure is defined as the magnitude of the perpendicular force component exerted per unit area over a given surface area, as described by the equation • Pressure is a scalar quantity. • The volume and density of a given amount of an incompressible fluid is constant regardless of the pressure exerted on that fluid.

    2. 8.2.BDescribe the pressure exerted by a fluid

      Describe the pressure exerted by a fluid. • The pressure exerted by a fluid is the result of the entirety of the interactions between the fluid’s constituent particles and the surface with which those particles interact. • The absolute pressure of a fluid at a given point is equal to the sum of a reference pressure P0, such as the atmospheric pressure Patm, and the gauge pressure Pgauge. Relevant equation: • The gauge pressure of a vertical column of fluid is described by the equation TOPIC 8.2 Pressure

  3. 8.3 Fluids and Newton’s Laws

    1. 8.3.ADescribe the conditions under which a fluid’s velocity changes

      Describe the conditions under which a fluid’s velocity changes. • Newton’s laws can be used to describe the motion of particles within a fluid. • The macroscopic behavior of a fluid is a result of the internal interactions between the fluid’s constituent particles and external forces exerted on the fluid.

    2. 8.3.BDescribe the buoyant force exerted on an object interacting with a fluid

      Describe the buoyant force exerted on an object interacting with a fluid. • The buoyant force is a net upward force exerted on an object by a fluid. • The buoyant force exerted on an object by a fluid is a result of the collective forces exerted on the object by the particles making up the fluid. • The magnitude of the buoyant force exerted on an object by a fluid is equivalent to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Relevant equation: TOPIC 8.3 Fluids and Newton’s Laws

  4. 8.4 Fluids and Conservation Laws

    1. 8.4.ADescribe the flow of an incompressible fluid through a cross-sectional area by using mass conservation

      Describe the flow of an incompressible fluid through a cross-sectional area by using mass conservation. • A difference in pressure between two locations causes a fluid to flow. - i. The rate at which matter enters a fluid-filled tube open at both ends must equal the rate at which matter exits the tube. - ii. The rate at which matter flows into a location is proportional to the crosssectional area of the flow and the speed at which the fluid flows. Derived equation: V =Avt • The continuity equation for fluid flow describes conservation of mass flow rate in incompressible fluids. Relevant equation: Av11 =Av22 TOPIC 8.4 Fluids and Conservation Laws

    2. 8.4.BDescribe the flow of a fluid as a result of a difference in energy between two locations within the fluid– Earth…

      Describe the flow of a fluid as a result of a difference in energy between two locations within the fluid– Earth system. • A difference in gravitational potential energies between two locations in a fluid will result in a difference in kinetic energy and pressure between those two locations that is described by conservation laws. • Bernoulli’s equation describes the conservation of mechanical energy in fluid flow. Relevant equation: • Torricelli’s theorem relates the speed of a fluid exiting an opening to the difference in height between the opening and the top surface of the fluid and can be derived from conservation of energy principles. Derived equation: BOUNDARY STATEMENT All fluids will be assumed to be ideal, and all pipes are assumed to be completely filled by the fluid, unless otherwise stated. AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based Course and Exam Description Laboratory Investigations AP PHYSICS 1