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AP Chemistry 1.7.A: Periodic Trends

Explore AP Chemistry 1.7.A questions on periodic trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, shielding, effective nuclear charge, and Coulombic attraction.

Syllabus
Effective Fall 2025
Course
AP Chemistry

Exam points

  • Explain how chemical equilibrium represents competing forward and reverse processes in a closed system.
  • Apply equilibrium constants and concentration changes to predict reaction direction and composition.

1.7.A—Explain the relationship between trends in atomic properties of elements and electronic structure and periodicity question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Sterling silver is an alloy that is commonly used to make jewelry and consists of 92.5\% silver and 7.5\% other metals, such as copper, by mass. Over time, the alloy can form a tarnish of Ag2 S(s)\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(s) when it reacts with hydrogen sulfide, as represented by the following equation.

2Ag(s)+H2 S(g)→Ag2 S(s)+H2(g)2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)

The following table contains the atomic radii for silver and copper.

Table for Question 1.7.A—Explain the relationship between trends in atomic properties of elements and electronic structure and periodicity question 1 — AP Chemistry

Using principles of atomic structure and Coulomb's law, explain why silver has a larger atomic radius than copper does.

The Ag2 S\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{~S} tarnish on sterling silver can be removed until only sterling silver remains. A student weighs a tarnished sterling silver sample both before and after removing the Ag2 S(s)\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(s) (molar mass 247.80 g / mol) and records the data in the following table.

Table for Question 1.7.A—Explain the relationship between trends in atomic properties of elements and electronic structure and periodicity question 1 — AP Chemistry
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