Practise Edexcel Psychology questions on Capafóns et al. (1998), describing fear-of-flying treatment research and evaluating controls, measures and validity.
In your studies on learning theories and development you will have learned about the contemporary study by Capafóns et al. (1998).
State one aim of the study by Capafóns et al. (1998).
AO1 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for an accurate statement.
For example:
- Capafóns et al. (1998) aimed to confirm that systematic
desensitisation was an effective treatment for phobias (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(1)
Describe the sample used in the study by Capafóns et al. (1998).
AO1 (3 marks)
Credit up to three marks for an accurate description.
For example:
- There was a total of 41 participants in the study, all of whom were
afraid of flying (1). 20 of the participants were in the treatment
group and had systematic desensitisation for their fear of flying
(1). The participants in the treatment group and the control group
were matched in terms of how scared they said they were of flying
(1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(3)
Explain two weaknesses of the study by Capafóns et al. (1998).
AO1 (2 marks), AO3 (2 marks)
Credit one mark for accurate identification of each weakness (AO1).
Credit one mark for justification/exemplification of each weakness
(AO3).
For example:
- Capafóns et al. (1998) only used participants who were afraid of
flying in their study (1), therefore the results may not be the
same for other phobias so cannot be generalised to systematic
desensitisation for all phobias (1).
- The participants replied to a media campaign so volunteered for
the study which may cause the sample to be biased (1), as only
those who were ready to have their phobia of flying treated may
have responded to the media campaign (1).
Look for other reasonable answers.
(4)
Explain one application of the findings from the study by Capafóns et al. (1998).
AO2 (1 mark), AO3 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for accurate identification of an application (AO2).
Credit one mark for justification/exemplification of the application
(AO3).
For example:
- One application from Capafóns et al. (1998) is that those with a
fear of flying can be treated using a combination of imaginary and
real tasks (1), as a combination of both techniques resulted in
reduced fear of flying for 90\% of the treatment group (1).
Look for other reasonable answers.
(2)
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