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Unit 1: Social and cognitive psychology

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  1. Topic A: Social psychology

    1. 1.1.1 Theories of obedience, including agency theory and social power theory.

    2. 1.1.2 Research into obedience, including Milgram’s (1963) research into obedience and three of his variation studies: rundown office block (Experiment 10), telephonic instructions (Experiment 7), ordinary man gives orders (Experiment 13) as they demonstrate situational factors that encourage dissent.

    3. 1.1.3 Factors affecting obedience and dissent/resistance to obedience, including individual differences (personality and gender), situation and culture.; Conformity.

    4. 1.1.4 Types and explanations of conformity.

    5. 1.1.5 Research into conformity including Asch (1951) and his variation studies (1952, 1956).

    6. 1.1.6 Minority influence (Moscovici, 1976).

    7. 1.1.7 Factors affecting conformity and minority influence, including individual differences (personality), situation and culture.

    8. 1.2.1 Designing and conducting questionnaires and interviews, considering researcher effects.

    9. 1.2.2 Primary and secondary data.

    10. 1.2.3 Unstructured, semi-structured and structured interviews, open, closed (including ranked scale) questions.

    11. 1.2.4 Alternative hypotheses.; Sample selection and sampling techniques.

    12. 1.2.5 Random, stratified, volunteer, and opportunity sampling techniques.; Quantitative data.

    13. 1.2.6 (List A) Analysis of quantitative data: calculating measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), data tables (frequency tables and summary tables), graphical presentation (bar chart, histogram), measures of dispersion (range and standard deviation), percentages, ratios, fractions.

    14. 1.2.7 Normal and skewed distribution.

    15. 1.2.8 Analysis of qualitative data using thematic analysis.; Ethical guidelines.

    16. 1.2.9 British Psychological Society (BPS) code of ethics and conduct (2009), including risk management when carrying out research in psychology.

    17. 1.3.1 Moscovici et al. (1969) Influence of a Consistent Minority on the Responses of a Majority in a Color Perception Task.; Contemporary study.

    18. 1.3.2 Burger (2009) Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? One contemporary study from the following two choices:.

    19. 1.3.3 Yi Huang et al. (2014) Conformity to the opinions of other people lasts for no more than 3 days.

    20. 1.3.4 Haun et al. (2014) Children Conform to the Behavior of Peers; Other Great Apes Stick With What They Know.

    21. 1.4.1 One practical research exercise to gather data relevant to topics covered in social psychology.; This practical research exercise must adhere to ethical principles in both content and intention.; In conducting the practical research exercise, learners must:; design and conduct a questionnaire to gather both qualitative and quantitative data to look for a difference in the data; consider questionnaire construction, sampling decisions and ethical issues; collect and present an analysis of quantitative data using measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode as appropriate), measures of dispersion, (including range and standard deviation as appropriate), table and graphical representations (summary table, frequency table, bar graph, histogram as appropriate); collect and present an analysis of qualitative data using thematic analysis; consider strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire; write up the procedure, results and discussion section of a report.; ; A questionnaire to see if males perceive themselves to be more obedient than females.; ; A questionnaire into self-reported levels of conformity based on scenarios.

  2. Topic B: Cognitive psychology

    1. 2.1.1Multi-store model of memory

      2.1.1 The multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968), including information processing, encoding, storage, retrieval, capacity and duration.

    2. 2.1.2Working memory model

      2.1.2 The working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974) including the phonological loop, central executive, visual- spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer.

    3. 2.1.3Reconstructive memory

      2.1.3 Reconstructive memory (Bartlett, 1932), including schema theory.

    4. 2.2.1Experiment design and conduct

      2.2.1 Designing and conducting experiments, including field and laboratory experiments.

    5. 2.2.2Independent and dependent variables

      2.2.2 Independent and dependent variables.

    6. 2.2.3Experimental and null hypotheses

      2.2.3 Experimental and null hypotheses.

    7. 2.2.4Directional (one-tailed) and non-directional (two-tailed) tests

      2.2.4 Directional (one-tailed) and non-directional (two-tailed) tests and hypotheses.

    8. 2.2.5Experimental and research designs

      2.2.5 Experimental and research designs: repeated measures, independent groups and matched pairs, the issues with each and possible controls.

    9. 2.2.6Operationalisation and variables

      2.2.6 Operationalisation of variables, extraneous variables and confounding variables.

    10. 2.2.7Control groups and order controls

      2.2.7 The use of control groups, counterbalancing, randomisation and order effects.

    11. 2.2.8Situational and participant variables

      2.2.8 Situational and participant variables.

    12. 2.2.9Objectivity, reliability and validity

      2.2.9 Objectivity, reliability and validity (internal, predictive and ecological).

    13. 2.2.10Experimenter effects and demand characteristics

      2.2.10 Experimenter effects, demand characteristics and control issues.

    14. 2.2.11List A quantitative and qualitative data

      2.2.11 List A from Topic A. 18.

    15. 2.2.12Inferential statistics decisions

      2.2.12 (List B) Decision making and interpretation of inferential statistics:.; levels of measurement.; Wilcoxon signed ranks test of difference (also covering Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (formula) and Spearman's rank (critical values table) and Chi-squared distribution once Unit 2 has been covered).; probability and levels of significance (p≤.10 p≤.05 p≤.01).; observed and critical values, and sense checking of data.; one- or two-tailed regarding inferential testing.; type I and type II errors.

    16. 2.2.13Case studies of brain-damaged patients

      2.2.13 Case studies of brain-damaged patients related to research into memory, including the case of Henry Molaison (HM).

    17. 2.3.1Bartlett (1932) War of the Ghosts

      2.3.1 Bartlett (1932) War of the Ghosts.; Contemporary study.

    18. 2.3.2Schmolck et al. (2002) patient HM

      2.3.2 Schmolck et al. (2002) Semantic knowledge in patient HM and other patients with bilateral medial and lateral temporal lobe lesions.; One contemporary study from the following two choices:.

    19. 2.3.3Darling et al. (2007) visuospatial working memory

      2.3.3 Darling et al. (2007) Behavioural evidence for separating components within visuo-spatial working memory.

    20. 2.3.4Sacchi et al. (2007) doctored photographs and memory

      2.3.4 Sacchi et al. (2007) Changing history: doctored photographs affect memory for past public events.

    21. 2.4.1Cognitive psychology practical investigation

      Conduct one ethical cognitive-psychology practical: design a repeated-measures laboratory experiment that gathers quantitative data. Make decisions about sampling, operationalisation, controls, hypotheses, experimenter effects, demand characteristics and order effects. Present and interpret central tendency, dispersion and appropriate graphs; consider normality where relevant; use the Wilcoxon non-parametric test of difference with significance and critical/observed values; evaluate strengths, weaknesses and improvements; and write the procedure, results and discussion. Suitable contexts include dual-task working-memory studies or acoustic similarity and short-term memory.