9.1.7 - Observations

9.1.7 Observations: tallying, event and time sampling, covert, overt, participant, non-participant, structured observations, naturalistic observations.; Gathering both qualitative and quantitative data.

Use - observations to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because - observations determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply - observations to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: - Observations is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.